In RETHINK big, we will investigate future Big Data application requirements from a wide spectrum of application domains that make use of Big Data. We have identified four initial domains which include classical science applications such as Physics, Chemistry, and Engineering in addition to cutting-edge Life Sciences applications such as -omics (genomics, proteomics and proteomics, etc.) that are leading the march toward more personalized medicine. We will also consider the demands of data produced by the ubiquitous internet and internet of things and “always on” social media as well as the critical role data now plays in business and finance applications.